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Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 1
OBS _TYPE_ _NAME_ X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9
1 CORR X1 1.00 . . . . . . . . 2 CORR X2 0.75 1.00 . . . . . . . 3 CORR X3 0.78 0.72 1.00 . . . . . . 4 CORR X4 0.44 0.52 0.47 1.00 . . . . . 5 CORR X5 0.45 0.53 0.48 0.82 1.00 . . . . 6 CORR X6 0.51 0.58 0.54 0.82 0.74 1.00 . . . 7 CORR X7 0.21 0.23 0.28 0.33 0.37 0.35 1.00 . . 8 CORR X8 0.30 0.32 0.37 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.45 1.00 . 9 CORR X9 0.31 0.30 0.37 0.31 0.36 0.38 0.52 0.67 1 10 N 696.00 696.00 696.00 696.00 696.00 696.00 696.00 696.00 696
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 2
Initial Factor Method: Principal Components
Prior Communality Estimates: ONE
Eigenvalues of the Correlation Matrix: Total = 9 Average = 1
1 2 3 4 5
Eigenvalue 4.7715 1.4047 1.0547 0.5627 0.3247
Difference 3.3668 0.3500 0.4920 0.2379 0.0516
Proportion 0.5302 0.1561 0.1172 0.0625 0.0361
Cumulative 0.5302 0.6862 0.8034 0.8659 0.9020
6 7 8 9
Eigenvalue 0.2732 0.2552 0.2087 0.1447
Difference 0.0180 0.0465 0.0640
Proportion 0.0304 0.0284 0.0232 0.0161
Cumulative 0.9324 0.9607 0.9839 1.0000
3 factors will be retained by the MINEIGEN criterion.
Factor Pattern
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
X1 0.74639 -0.35293 0.42869 WORD MEANING
X2 0.78093 -0.34922 0.27622 SENTENCE COMPOSITION
X3 0.78273 -0.25380 0.39678 ODD WORDS
X4 0.79755 -0.14791 -0.49874 MIXED ARITHMETIC
X5 0.80319 -0.08930 -0.43965 REMAINDERS
X6 0.83521 -0.12541 -0.34909 MISSING NUMBERS
X7 0.52913 0.57293 -0.05722 GLOVES
X8 0.60397 0.57794 0.18377 BOOTS
X9 0.60689 0.62123 0.19030 HATCHETS
Variance explained by each factor
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
4.771456 1.404698 1.054673
Final Communality Estimates: Total = 7.230828
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
0.865431 0.808101 0.834511 0.906708 0.846387
X6 X7 X8 X9
0.835164 0.611504 0.732573 0.790449
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 3
Initial Factor Method: Maximum Likelihood
Partial Correlations Controlling all other Variables
X1 X2 X3
X1 1.00000 0.40424 0.50425 WORD MEANING
X2 0.40424 1.00000 0.25201 SENTENCE COMPOSITION
X3 0.50425 0.25201 1.00000 ODD WORDS
X4 -0.01995 0.01421 -0.00107 MIXED ARITHMETIC
X5 0.00459 0.09665 0.01419 REMAINDERS
X6 0.04150 0.12166 0.06860 MISSING NUMBERS
X7 -0.04812 -0.03082 0.04881 GLOVES
X8 -0.03148 0.03971 0.07110 BOOTS
X9 0.04222 -0.04059 0.05842 HATCHETS
X4 X5 X6
X1 -0.01995 0.00459 0.04150 WORD MEANING
X2 0.01421 0.09665 0.12166 SENTENCE COMPOSITION
X3 -0.00107 0.01419 0.06860 ODD WORDS
X4 1.00000 0.54738 0.53521 MIXED ARITHMETIC
X5 0.54738 1.00000 0.11486 REMAINDERS
X6 0.53521 0.11486 1.00000 MISSING NUMBERS
X7 0.01703 0.10206 0.03045 GLOVES
X8 0.01185 0.01824 0.03401 BOOTS
X9 -0.07798 0.05417 0.08136 HATCHETS
X7 X8 X9
X1 -0.04812 -0.03148 0.04222 WORD MEANING
X2 -0.03082 0.03971 -0.04059 SENTENCE COMPOSITION
X3 0.04881 0.07110 0.05842 ODD WORDS
X4 0.01703 0.01185 -0.07798 MIXED ARITHMETIC
X5 0.10206 0.01824 0.05417 REMAINDERS
X6 0.03045 0.03401 0.08136 MISSING NUMBERS
X7 1.00000 0.12175 0.29582 GLOVES
X8 0.12175 1.00000 0.52545 BOOTS
X9 0.29582 0.52545 1.00000 HATCHETS
Kaiser's Measure of Sampling Adequacy: Over-all MSA = 0.85024238
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
0.828816 0.896555 0.869478 0.798014 0.873942
X6 X7 X8 X9
0.884318 0.894726 0.819584 0.785328
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 4
Initial Factor Method: Maximum Likelihood
Prior Communality Estimates: SMC
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
0.683846 0.647694 0.671547 0.774898 0.703776
X6 X7 X8 X9
0.724007 0.324504 0.483501 0.524769
Preliminary Eigenvalues: Total = 17.008296 Average = 1.88981066
1 2 3 4 5
Eigenvalue 14.0622 2.5967 1.8727 -0.0581 -0.1310
Difference 11.4655 0.7239 1.9308 0.0729 0.0727
Proportion 0.8268 0.1527 0.1101 -0.0034 -0.0077
Cumulative 0.8268 0.9795 1.0896 1.0861 1.0784
6 7 8 9
Eigenvalue -0.2037 -0.3238 -0.3734 -0.4333
Difference 0.1201 0.0495 0.0599
Proportion -0.0120 -0.0190 -0.0220 -0.0255
Cumulative 1.0665 1.0474 1.0255 1.0000
3 factors will be retained by the NFACTOR criterion.
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 5
Initial Factor Method: Maximum Likelihood
Scree Plot of Eigenvalues
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-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+----
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Number
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 6
Initial Factor Method: Maximum Likelihood Iter Criterion Ridge Change Communalities
1 0.01673 0.000 0.24521 0.82126 0.70999 0.75091 0.92437 0.73747
0.75565 0.36952 0.57645 0.76998
2 0.01636 0.000 0.00779 0.81879 0.71006 0.75243 0.92686 0.73969
0.75872 0.37144 0.58015 0.77777
3 0.01636 0.000 0.00018 0.81863 0.71015 0.75241 0.92702 0.73961
0.75870 0.37134 0.58015 0.77795
Convergence criterion satisfied.
Significance tests based on 696 observations:
Test of H0: No common factors.
vs HA: At least one common factor.
Chi-square = 4083.043 df = 36 Prob>chi**2 = 0.0001
Test of H0: 3 Factors are sufficient.
vs HA: More factors are needed.
Chi-square = 11.274 df = 12 Prob>chi**2 = 0.5056
Chi-square without Bartlett's correction = 11.369562962
Akaike's Information Criterion = -12.63043704
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion = -67.17463296
Tucker and Lewis's Reliability Coefficient = 1.0005380706
Squared Canonical Correlations
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
0.961575 0.843449 0.789600
Eigenvalues of the Weighted Reduced Correlation Matrix:
Total = 34.1649777 Average = 3.79610863
1 2 3 4 5
Eigenvalue 25.0244 5.3877 3.7528 0.0881 0.0660
Difference 19.6367 1.6349 3.6647 0.0222 0.0330
Proportion 0.7325 0.1577 0.1098 0.0026 0.0019
Cumulative 0.7325 0.8902 1.0000 1.0026 1.0045
6 7 8 9
Eigenvalue 0.0330 0.0029 -0.0762 -0.1138
Difference 0.0301 0.0791 0.0376
Proportion 0.0010 0.0001 -0.0022 -0.0033
Cumulative 1.0055 1.0056 1.0033 1.0000
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 7
Initial Factor Method: Maximum Likelihood
Factor Pattern
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
X1 0.67810 0.53311 -0.27312 WORD MEANING
X2 0.71739 0.37683 -0.23133 SENTENCE COMPOSITION
X3 0.69943 0.48616 -0.16383 ODD WORDS
X4 0.90009 -0.34026 -0.03292 MIXED ARITHMETIC
X5 0.83601 -0.19984 0.02760 REMAINDERS
X6 0.86152 -0.12838 0.00171 MISSING NUMBERS
X7 0.42139 0.08937 0.43102 GLOVES
X8 0.47796 0.24558 0.53981 BOOTS
X9 0.48296 0.30240 0.67324 HATCHETS
Variance explained by each factor
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
Weighted 25.024428 5.387703 3.752847
Unweighted 4.354223 0.994499 1.087226
Final Communality Estimates and Variable Weights
Total Communality: Weighted = 34.164978 Unweighted = 6.435948
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
Communality 0.818623 0.710155 0.752404 0.927018 0.739611
Weight 5.513446 3.450112 4.038876 13.701961 3.840398
X6 X7 X8 X9
Communality 0.758708 0.371332 0.580150 0.777948
Weight 4.144287 1.590673 2.381799 4.503426
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 8
Initial Factor Method: Maximum Likelihood
Plot of Factor Pattern for FACTOR1 and FACTOR2
FACTOR1
1
D .9
E F
.8
.7 B CA
.6
.5 H I
.4 G
.3
.2
F
.1 A
C
-1 -.9-.8-.7-.6-.5-.4-.3-.2-.1 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0T
O
-.1 R
2
-.2
-.3
-.4
-.5
-.6
-.7
-.8
-.9
-1
X1 =A X2 =B X3 =C X4 =D X5 =E
X6 =F X7 =G X8 =H X9 =I
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 9
Initial Factor Method: Maximum Likelihood
Plot of Factor Pattern for FACTOR1 and FACTOR3
FACTOR1
1
D9
E
.8
A B C .7
.6
.5 H I
.4 G
.3
.2
F
.1 A
C
-1 -.9-.8-.7-.6-.5-.4-.3-.2-.1 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0T
O
-.1 R
3
-.2
-.3
-.4
-.5
-.6
-.7
-.8
-.9
-1
X1 =A X2 =B X3 =C X4 =D X5 =E
X6 =E X7 =G X8 =H X9 =I
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 10
Initial Factor Method: Maximum Likelihood
Plot of Factor Pattern for FACTOR2 and FACTOR3
FACTOR2
1
.9
.8
.7
.6
A
C .5
B .4
.3 I
H
.2
F
.1 G A
C
-1 -.9-.8-.7-.6-.5-.4-.3-.2-.1 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0T
O
-.1 R
F 3
-.E
-.3
D
-.4
-.5
-.6
-.7
-.8
-.9
-1
X1 =A X2 =B X3 =C X4 =D X5 =E
X6 =F X7 =G X8 =H X9 =I
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 11
_TYPE_ _NAME_ X1 X2 X3 X4
MEAN 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
STD 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
N 696.000 696.000 696.000 696.000
CORR X1 1.000 0.750 0.780 0.440
CORR X2 0.750 1.000 0.720 0.520
CORR X3 0.780 0.720 1.000 0.470
CORR X4 0.440 0.520 0.470 1.000
CORR X5 0.450 0.530 0.480 0.820
CORR X6 0.510 0.580 0.540 0.820
CORR X7 0.210 0.230 0.280 0.330
CORR X8 0.300 0.320 0.370 0.330
CORR X9 0.310 0.300 0.370 0.310
COMMUNAL 0.819 0.710 0.752 0.927
PRIORS 0.819 0.710 0.752 0.927
WEIGHT 5.513 3.450 4.039 13.702
EIGENVAL 25.024 5.388 3.753 0.088
PATTERN FACTOR1 0.678 0.717 0.699 0.900
PATTERN FACTOR2 0.533 0.377 0.486 -0.340
PATTERN FACTOR3 -0.273 -0.231 -0.164 -0.033
_TYPE_ X5 X6 X7 X8 X9
MEAN 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
STD 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
N 696.000 696.000 696.000 696.000 696.000
CORR 0.450 0.510 0.210 0.300 0.310
CORR 0.530 0.580 0.230 0.320 0.300
CORR 0.480 0.540 0.280 0.370 0.370
CORR 0.820 0.820 0.330 0.330 0.310
CORR 1.000 0.740 0.370 0.360 0.360
CORR 0.740 1.000 0.350 0.380 0.380
CORR 0.370 0.350 1.000 0.450 0.520
CORR 0.360 0.380 0.450 1.000 0.670
CORR 0.360 0.380 0.520 0.670 1.000
COMMUNAL 0.740 0.759 0.371 0.580 0.778
PRIORS 0.740 0.759 0.371 0.580 0.778
WEIGHT 3.840 4.144 1.591 2.382 4.503
EIGENVAL 0.066 0.033 0.003 -0.076 -0.114
PATTERN 0.836 0.862 0.421 0.478 0.483
PATTERN -0.200 -0.128 0.089 0.246 0.302
PATTERN 0.028 0.002 0.431 0.540 0.673
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 12
Prerotation Method: Varimax
Variable Weights for Rotation
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
0.861664 0.621602 0.744243 0.315857 0.144071
X6 X7 X8 X9
0.058009 0.941861 0.989352 0.991570
Orthogonal Transformation Matrix
1 2 3
1 0.63865 0.52044 0.56680
2 0.54351 0.21633 -0.81105
3 -0.54472 0.82604 -0.14470
Rotated Factor Pattern
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
X1 87 * 24 . WORD MEANING
X3 80 * 33 . ODD WORDS
X2 79 * 26 13 SENTENCE COMPOSITION
X9 11 87 * . HATCHETS
X8 14 75 * . BOOTS
X7 . 59 * 10 GLOVES
X4 41 37 79 * MIXED ARITHMETIC
X5 41 41 63 * REMAINDERS
X6 48 42 59 * MISSING NUMBERS
NOTE: Printed values are multiplied by 100 and rounded to the nearest
integer. Values greater than 0.48823 have been flagged with an '*'.
Values less than 0.1 have been printed as '.'.
Variance explained by each factor
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
Weighted 12.911980 9.591025 11.661973
Unweighted 2.626085 2.399897 1.409966
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 13
Prerotation Method: Varimax
Final Communality Estimates and Variable Weights
Total Communality: Weighted = 34.164978 Unweighted = 6.435948
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
Communality 0.818623 0.710155 0.752404 0.927018 0.739611
Weight 5.513446 3.450112 4.038876 13.701961 3.840398
X6 X7 X8 X9
Communality 0.758708 0.371332 0.580150 0.777948
Weight 4.144287 1.590673 2.381799 4.503426
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 14
Prerotation Method: Varimax
Plot of Factor Pattern for FACTOR1 and FACTOR2
FACTOR1
1
.9
A
.8 B C
.7
.6
.5 F
.4 DE
.3
.2
H F
.1 G I A
C
-1 -.9-.8-.7-.6-.5-.4-.3-.2-.1 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0T
O
-.1 R
2
-.2
-.3
-.4
-.5
-.6
-.7
-.8
-.9
-1
X1 =A X2 =B X3 =C X4 =D X5 =E
X6 =F X7 =G X8 =H X9 =I
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 15
Prerotation Method: Varimax
Plot of Factor Pattern for FACTOR1 and FACTOR3
FACTOR1
1
.9
A
.C B
.7
.6
.5 F
.4 E D
.3
.2
H F
I .1 G A
C
-1 -.9-.8-.7-.6-.5-.4-.3-.2-.1 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0T
O
-.1 R
3
-.2
-.3
-.4
-.5
-.6
-.7
-.8
-.9
-1
X1 =A X2 =B X3 =C X4 =D X5 =E
X6 =F X7 =G X8 =H X9 =I
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 16
Prerotation Method: Varimax
Plot of Factor Pattern for FACTOR2 and FACTOR3
FACTOR2
1
.9
I
.8
H
.7
.6 G
.5
.4 FE
C D
.3
A B
.2
F
.1 A
C
-1 -.9-.8-.7-.6-.5-.4-.3-.2-.1 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0T
O
-.1 R
3
-.2
-.3
-.4
-.5
-.6
-.7
-.8
-.9
-1
X1 =A X2 =B X3 =C X4 =D X5 =E
X6 =F X7 =G X8 =H X9 =I
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 17
Rotation Method: Promax
Target Matrix for Procrustean Transformation
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
X1 100 * . . WORD MEANING
X3 88 * . . ODD WORDS
X2 92 * . . SENTENCE COMPOSITION
X9 . 100 * . HATCHETS
X8 . 98 * . BOOTS
X7 . 96 * . GLOVES
X4 . . 100 * MIXED ARITHMETIC
X5 12 12 72 * REMAINDERS
X6 19 12 57 * MISSING NUMBERS
NOTE: Printed values are multiplied by 100 and rounded to the nearest
integer. Values greater than 0.523957 have been flagged with an '*'.
Values less than 0.1 have been printed as '.'.
Procrustean Transformation Matrix
1 2 3
1 1.21792 -0.40090 -0.07143
2 -0.18312 1.34044 0.01515
3 -0.46379 -0.36522 1.16213
Normalized Oblique Transformation Matrix
1 2 3
1 0.38864 0.18497 0.63676
2 0.92471 0.29041 -1.00297
3 -0.69234 1.08697 -0.11970
Inter-factor Correlations
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
FACTOR1 100 * 44 51
FACTOR2 44 100 * 40
FACTOR3 51 40 100 *
NOTE: Printed values are multiplied by 100 and rounded to the nearest
integer. Values greater than 0.684604 have been flagged by an '*'.
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 18
Rotation Method: Promax
Rotated Factor Pattern (Std Reg Coefs)
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
X1 95 * . . WORD MEANING
X3 83 * . . ODD WORDS
X2 79 * . 11 SENTENCE COMPOSITION
X9 . 91 * . HATCHETS
X8 . 75 * . BOOTS
X7 . 57 * 13 GLOVES
X4 . . 92 * MIXED ARITHMETIC
X5 12 13 73 * REMAINDERS
X6 21 12 68 * MISSING NUMBERS
NOTE: Printed values are multiplied by 100 and rounded to the nearest
integer. Values greater than 0.467648 have been flagged with an '*'.
Values less than 0.1 have been printed as '.'.
Reference Axis Correlations
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
FACTOR1 100 * -30 -41
FACTOR2 -30 100 * -22
FACTOR3 -41 -22 100 *
NOTE: Printed values are multiplied by 100 and rounded to the nearest
integer. Values greater than 0.633513 have been flagged by an '*'.
Reference Structure (Semipartial Correlations)
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
X1 78 * . . WORD MEANING
X3 68 * . . ODD WORDS
X2 65 * . . SENTENCE COMPOSITION
X9 . 80 * . HATCHETS
X8 . 65 * . BOOTS
X7 . 50 * 11 GLOVES
X4 . . 77 * MIXED ARITHMETIC
X5 . 11 61 * REMAINDERS
X6 18 11 57 * MISSING NUMBERS
NOTE: Printed values are multiplied by 100 and rounded to the nearest
integer. Values greater than 0.394222 have been flagged with an '*'.
Values less than 0.1 have been printed as '.'.
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 19
Rotation Method: Promax
Variance explained by each factor eliminating other factors
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
Weighted 6.856838 4.418737 10.955672
Unweighted 1.534576 1.347941 1.313570
Factor Structure (Correlations)
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
X1 90 * 37 41 WORD MEANING
X3 86 * 45 44 ODD WORDS
X2 84 * 38 51 SENTENCE COMPOSITION
X9 36 88 * 28 HATCHETS
X8 36 76 * 31 BOOTS
X7 26 60 * 33 GLOVES
X4 54 42 96 * MIXED ARITHMETIC
X5 55 47 84 * REMAINDERS
X6 62 * 49 84 * MISSING NUMBERS
NOTE: Printed values are multiplied by 100 and rounded to the nearest
integer. Values greater than 0.596818 have been flagged with an '*'.
Values less than 0.1 have been printed as '.'.
Variance explained by each factor ignoring other factors
FACTOR1 FACTOR2 FACTOR3
Weighted 17.679208 11.725007 21.604863
Unweighted 3.565486 2.822316 3.229391
Final Communality Estimates and Variable Weights
Total Communality: Weighted = 34.164978 Unweighted = 6.435948
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
Communality 0.818623 0.710155 0.752404 0.927018 0.739611
Weight 5.513446 3.450112 4.038876 13.701961 3.840398
X6 X7 X8 X9
Communality 0.758708 0.371332 0.580150 0.777948
Weight 4.144287 1.590673 2.381799 4.503426
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 20
Rotation Method: Promax
Plot of Reference Structure for FACTOR1 and FACTOR2
Reference Axis Correlation = -0.2966 Angle = 107.2508
FACTOR1
1
.9
A8
.7 C
B
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2 F
F
.1 E A
D H C
-1 -.9-.8-.7-.6-.5-.4-.3-.2-.1 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 I8 .9 1.0T
G O
-.1 R
2
-.2
-.3
-.4
-.5
-.6
-.7
-.8
-.9
-1
X1 =A X2 =B X3 =C X4 =D X5 =E
X6 =F X7 =G X8 =H X9 =I
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 21
Rotation Method: Promax
Plot of Reference Structure for FACTOR1 and FACTOR3
Reference Axis Correlation = -0.4103 Angle = 114.2238
FACTOR1
1
.9
A.8
C7
B
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2 F
F
.1 E A
H D C
-1 -.9-.8-.7-.6-.5-.4-.3-.2-.1I 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0T
G O
-.1 R
3
-.2
-.3
-.4
-.5
-.6
-.7
-.8
-.9
-1
X1 =A X2 =B X3 =C X4 =D X5 =E
X6 =F X7 =G X8 =H X9 =I
Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244 22
Rotation Method: Promax
Plot of Reference Structure for FACTOR2 and FACTOR3
Reference Axis Correlation = -0.2230 Angle = 102.8855
FACTOR2
1
.9
I.8
.7
H
.6
.5 G
.4
.3
.2
F
C1 FE A
D C
-1 -.9-.8-.7-.6-.5-.4-.3-.2-.1A 0 B1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0T
O
-.1 R
3
-.2
-.3
-.4
-.5
-.6
-.7
-.8
-.9
-1
X1 =A X2 =B X3 =C X4 =D X5 =E
X6 =F X7 =G X8 =H X9 =I