Output from pca2.sas

	Output from pca2.sas	Source 0 Graphs

               PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state              1

                         Principal Component Analysis

      50 Observations
       7 Variables


                              Simple Statistics

                 MURDER              RAPE           ROBBERY           ASSAULT

 Mean       7.444000000       25.73400000       124.0920000       211.3000000
 StD        3.866768941       10.75962995        88.3485672       100.2530492


                        BURGLARY           LARCENY              AUTO

          Mean       1291.904000       2671.288000       377.5260000
          StD         432.455711        725.908707       193.3944175


                              Correlation Matrix

            MURDER      RAPE   ROBBERY   ASSAULT  BURGLARY   LARCENY      AUTO

MURDER      1.0000    0.6012    0.4837    0.6486    0.3858    0.1019    0.0688
RAPE        0.6012    1.0000    0.5919    0.7403    0.7121    0.6140    0.3489
ROBBERY     0.4837    0.5919    1.0000    0.5571    0.6372    0.4467    0.5907
ASSAULT     0.6486    0.7403    0.5571    1.0000    0.6229    0.4044    0.2758
BURGLARY    0.3858    0.7121    0.6372    0.6229    1.0000    0.7921    0.5580
LARCENY     0.1019    0.6140    0.4467    0.4044    0.7921    1.0000    0.4442
AUTO        0.0688    0.3489    0.5907    0.2758    0.5580    0.4442    1.0000


                    Eigenvalues of the Correlation Matrix

               Eigenvalue      Difference      Proportion      Cumulative

    PRIN1         4.11496         2.87624        0.587851         0.58785
    PRIN2         1.23872         0.51291        0.176960         0.76481
    PRIN3         0.72582         0.40938        0.103688         0.86850
    PRIN4         0.31643         0.05846        0.045205         0.91370
    PRIN5         0.25797         0.03593        0.036853         0.95056
    PRIN6         0.22204         0.09798        0.031720         0.98228
    PRIN7         0.12406          .             0.017722         1.00000

               PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state              2

                         Principal Component Analysis

                                 Eigenvectors

             PRIN1     PRIN2     PRIN3     PRIN4     PRIN5     PRIN6     PRIN7

MURDER    0.300279  -.629174  0.178245  -.232114  0.538123  0.259117  0.267593
RAPE      0.431759  -.169435  -.244198  0.062216  0.188471  -.773271  -.296485
ROBBERY   0.396875  0.042247  0.495861  -.557989  -.519977  -.114385  -.003903
ASSAULT   0.396652  -.343528  -.069510  0.629804  -.506651  0.172363  0.191745
BURGLARY  0.440157  0.203341  -.209895  -.057555  0.101033  0.535987  -.648117
LARCENY   0.357360  0.402319  -.539231  -.234890  0.030099  0.039406  0.601690
AUTO      0.295177  0.502421  0.568384  0.419238  0.369753  -.057298  0.147046

               PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state              3
                 States listed in order of overall crime rate
                as determined by the first principal component

 STATE       PRIN1  PRIN2 MURDER RAPE ROBBERY ASSAULT BURGLARY LARCENY  AUTO

 NORTH DAKO  -3.96   0.39   0.9   9.0   13.3    43.8    446.1   1843.0  144.7
 SOUTH DAKO  -3.17  -0.25   2.0  13.5   17.9   155.7    570.5   1704.4  147.5
 WEST VIRGI  -3.15  -0.81   6.0  13.2   42.2    90.9    597.4   1341.7  163.3
 IOWA        -2.58   0.82   2.3  10.6   41.2    89.8    812.5   2685.1  219.9
 WISCONSIN   -2.50   0.78   2.8  12.9   52.2    63.7    846.9   2614.2  220.7
 NEW HAMPSH  -2.47   0.83   3.2  10.7   23.2    76.0   1041.7   2343.9  293.4
 NEBRASKA    -2.15   0.23   3.9  18.1   64.7   112.7    760.0   2316.1  249.1
 VERMONT     -2.06   0.94   1.4  15.9   30.8   101.2   1348.2   2201.0  265.2
 MAINE       -1.83   0.58   2.4  13.5   38.7   170.0   1253.1   2350.7  246.9
 KENTUCKY    -1.73  -1.15  10.1  19.1   81.1   123.3    872.2   1662.1  245.4
 PENNSYLVAN  -1.72  -0.20   5.6  19.0  130.3   128.0    877.5   1624.1  333.2
 MONTANA     -1.67   0.27   5.4  16.7   39.2   156.8    804.9   2773.2  309.2
 MINNESOTA   -1.55   1.06   2.7  19.5   85.9    85.8   1134.7   2559.3  343.1
 MISSISSIPP  -1.51  -2.55  14.3  19.6   65.7   189.1    915.6   1239.9  144.4
 IDAHO       -1.43  -0.01   5.5  19.4   39.6   172.5   1050.8   2599.6  237.6
 WYOMING     -1.42   0.06   5.4  21.9   39.7   173.9    811.6   2772.2  282.0
 ARKANSAS    -1.05  -1.35   8.8  27.6   83.2   203.4    972.6   1862.1  183.4
 UTAH        -1.05   0.94   3.5  20.3   68.8   147.3   1171.6   3004.6  334.5
 VIRGINIA    -0.92  -0.69   9.0  23.3   92.1   165.7    986.2   2521.2  226.7
 NORTH CARO  -0.70  -1.67  10.6  17.0   61.3   318.3   1154.1   2037.8  192.1
 KANSAS      -0.63  -0.03   6.6  22.0  100.7   180.5   1270.4   2739.3  244.3
 CONNECTICU  -0.54   1.50   4.2  16.8  129.5   131.8   1346.0   2620.7  593.2
 INDIANA     -0.50   0.00   7.4  26.5  123.2   153.5   1086.2   2498.7  377.4
 OKLAHOMA    -0.32  -0.62   8.6  29.2   73.8   205.0   1288.2   2228.1  326.8
 RHODE ISLA  -0.20   2.15   3.6  10.5   86.5   201.0   1489.5   2844.1  791.4
 TENNESSEE   -0.14  -1.13  10.1  29.7  145.8   203.9   1259.7   1776.5  314.0
 ALABAMA     -0.05  -2.10  14.2  25.2   96.8   278.3   1135.5   1881.9  280.7
 NEW JERSEY   0.22   0.96   5.6  21.0  180.4   185.1   1435.8   2774.5  511.5
 OHIO         0.24   0.09   7.8  27.3  190.5   181.1   1216.0   2696.8  400.4
 GEORGIA      0.49  -1.38  11.7  31.1  140.5   256.5   1351.1   2170.2  297.9
 ILLINOIS     0.51   0.09   9.9  21.8  211.3   209.0   1085.0   2828.5  528.6
 MISSOURI     0.56  -0.56   9.6  28.3  189.0   233.5   1318.3   2424.2  378.4
 HAWAII       0.82   1.82   7.2  25.5  128.0    64.1   1911.5   3920.4  489.4
 WASHINGTON   0.93   0.74   4.3  39.6  106.2   224.8   1605.6   3386.9  360.3
 DELAWARE     0.96   1.30   6.0  24.9  157.0   194.2   1682.6   3678.4  467.0
 MASSACHUSE   0.98   2.63   3.1  20.8  169.1   231.6   1532.2   2311.3 1140.1
 LOUISIANA    1.12  -2.08  15.5  30.9  142.9   335.5   1165.5   2469.9  337.7
 NEW MEXICO   1.21  -0.95   8.8  39.1  109.6   343.4   1418.7   3008.6  259.5
 TEXAS        1.40  -0.68  13.3  33.8  152.4   208.2   1603.1   2988.7  397.6
 OREGON       1.45   0.59   4.9  39.9  124.1   286.9   1636.4   3506.1  388.9
 SOUTH CARO   1.60  -2.16  11.9  33.0  105.9   485.3   1613.6   2342.4  245.1
 MARYLAND     2.18  -0.19   8.0  34.8  292.1   358.9   1400.0   3177.7  428.5
 MICHIGAN     2.27   0.15   9.3  38.9  261.9   274.6   1522.7   3159.0  545.5
 ALASKA       2.42   0.17  10.8  51.6   96.8   284.0   1331.7   3369.8  753.3
 COLORADO     2.51   0.92   6.3  42.0  170.7   292.9   1935.2   3903.2  477.1
 ARIZONA      3.01   0.84   9.5  34.2  138.2   312.3   2346.1   4467.4  439.5
 FLORIDA      3.11  -0.60  10.2  39.6  187.9   449.1   1859.9   3840.5  351.4
 NEW YORK     3.45   0.43  10.7  29.4  472.6   319.1   1728.0   2782.0  745.8
 CALIFORNIA   4.28   0.14  11.5  49.4  287.0   358.0   2139.4   3499.8  663.5

               PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state              4
                 States listed in order of overall crime rate
                as determined by the first principal component

 STATE       PRIN1  PRIN2 MURDER RAPE ROBBERY ASSAULT BURGLARY LARCENY  AUTO

 NEVADA       5.27  -0.25  15.8  49.1  323.1    355    2453.1   4212.6 559.2

               PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state              5
             States listed in order of Property vs. Violent crime
               as determined by the second principal component

 STATE       PRIN1  PRIN2 MURDER RAPE ROBBERY ASSAULT BURGLARY LARCENY  AUTO

 MISSISSIPP  -1.51  -2.55  14.3  19.6   65.7   189.1    915.6   1239.9 144.4
 SOUTH CARO   1.60  -2.16  11.9  33.0  105.9   485.3   1613.6   2342.4 245.1
 ALABAMA     -0.05  -2.10  14.2  25.2   96.8   278.3   1135.5   1881.9 280.7
 LOUISIANA    1.12  -2.08  15.5  30.9  142.9   335.5   1165.5   2469.9 337.7
 NORTH CARO  -0.70  -1.67  10.6  17.0   61.3   318.3   1154.1   2037.8 192.1
 GEORGIA      0.49  -1.38  11.7  31.1  140.5   256.5   1351.1   2170.2 297.9
 ARKANSAS    -1.05  -1.35   8.8  27.6   83.2   203.4    972.6   1862.1 183.4
 KENTUCKY    -1.73  -1.15  10.1  19.1   81.1   123.3    872.2   1662.1 245.4
 TENNESSEE   -0.14  -1.13  10.1  29.7  145.8   203.9   1259.7   1776.5 314.0
 NEW MEXICO   1.21  -0.95   8.8  39.1  109.6   343.4   1418.7   3008.6 259.5
 WEST VIRGI  -3.15  -0.81   6.0  13.2   42.2    90.9    597.4   1341.7 163.3
 VIRGINIA    -0.92  -0.69   9.0  23.3   92.1   165.7    986.2   2521.2 226.7
 TEXAS        1.40  -0.68  13.3  33.8  152.4   208.2   1603.1   2988.7 397.6
 OKLAHOMA    -0.32  -0.62   8.6  29.2   73.8   205.0   1288.2   2228.1 326.8
 FLORIDA      3.11  -0.60  10.2  39.6  187.9   449.1   1859.9   3840.5 351.4
 MISSOURI     0.56  -0.56   9.6  28.3  189.0   233.5   1318.3   2424.2 378.4
 SOUTH DAKO  -3.17  -0.25   2.0  13.5   17.9   155.7    570.5   1704.4 147.5
 NEVADA       5.27  -0.25  15.8  49.1  323.1   355.0   2453.1   4212.6 559.2
 PENNSYLVAN  -1.72  -0.20   5.6  19.0  130.3   128.0    877.5   1624.1 333.2
 MARYLAND     2.18  -0.19   8.0  34.8  292.1   358.9   1400.0   3177.7 428.5
 KANSAS      -0.63  -0.03   6.6  22.0  100.7   180.5   1270.4   2739.3 244.3
 IDAHO       -1.43  -0.01   5.5  19.4   39.6   172.5   1050.8   2599.6 237.6
 INDIANA     -0.50   0.00   7.4  26.5  123.2   153.5   1086.2   2498.7 377.4
 WYOMING     -1.42   0.06   5.4  21.9   39.7   173.9    811.6   2772.2 282.0
 OHIO         0.24   0.09   7.8  27.3  190.5   181.1   1216.0   2696.8 400.4
 ILLINOIS     0.51   0.09   9.9  21.8  211.3   209.0   1085.0   2828.5 528.6
 CALIFORNIA   4.28   0.14  11.5  49.4  287.0   358.0   2139.4   3499.8 663.5
 MICHIGAN     2.27   0.15   9.3  38.9  261.9   274.6   1522.7   3159.0 545.5
 ALASKA       2.42   0.17  10.8  51.6   96.8   284.0   1331.7   3369.8 753.3
 NEBRASKA    -2.15   0.23   3.9  18.1   64.7   112.7    760.0   2316.1 249.1
 MONTANA     -1.67   0.27   5.4  16.7   39.2   156.8    804.9   2773.2 309.2
 NORTH DAKO  -3.96   0.39   0.9   9.0   13.3    43.8    446.1   1843.0 144.7
 NEW YORK     3.45   0.43  10.7  29.4  472.6   319.1   1728.0   2782.0 745.8
 MAINE       -1.83   0.58   2.4  13.5   38.7   170.0   1253.1   2350.7 246.9
 OREGON       1.45   0.59   4.9  39.9  124.1   286.9   1636.4   3506.1 388.9
 WASHINGTON   0.93   0.74   4.3  39.6  106.2   224.8   1605.6   3386.9 360.3
 WISCONSIN   -2.50   0.78   2.8  12.9   52.2    63.7    846.9   2614.2 220.7
 IOWA        -2.58   0.82   2.3  10.6   41.2    89.8    812.5   2685.1 219.9
 NEW HAMPSH  -2.47   0.83   3.2  10.7   23.2    76.0   1041.7   2343.9 293.4
 ARIZONA      3.01   0.84   9.5  34.2  138.2   312.3   2346.1   4467.4 439.5
 COLORADO     2.51   0.92   6.3  42.0  170.7   292.9   1935.2   3903.2 477.1
 UTAH        -1.05   0.94   3.5  20.3   68.8   147.3   1171.6   3004.6 334.5
 VERMONT     -2.06   0.94   1.4  15.9   30.8   101.2   1348.2   2201.0 265.2
 NEW JERSEY   0.22   0.96   5.6  21.0  180.4   185.1   1435.8   2774.5 511.5
 MINNESOTA   -1.55   1.06   2.7  19.5   85.9    85.8   1134.7   2559.3 343.1
 DELAWARE     0.96   1.30   6.0  24.9  157.0   194.2   1682.6   3678.4 467.0
 CONNECTICU  -0.54   1.50   4.2  16.8  129.5   131.8   1346.0   2620.7 593.2
 HAWAII       0.82   1.82   7.2  25.5  128.0    64.1   1911.5   3920.4 489.4
 RHODE ISLA  -0.20   2.15   3.6  10.5   86.5   201.0   1489.5   2844.1 791.4

               PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state              6
             States listed in order of Property vs. Violent crime
               as determined by the second principal component

 STATE       PRIN1  PRIN2 MURDER RAPE ROBBERY ASSAULT BURGLARY LARCENY  AUTO

 MASSACHUSE   0.98   2.63   3.1  20.8  169.1   231.6   1532.2   2311.3 1140.1

               PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state              7
                  Plot of the first two principal components

              Plot of PRIN2*PRIN1$ST.  Symbol points to label.

PRIN2 |
 3.00 +
      |
      |
      |                                   > MA
      |
      |
      |                           > RI
 2.00 +
      |                                  > HI
      |
      |                        > CT
      |
      |                                   > DE
      |              VT MN
 1.00 +              ^  ^   > UT     > NJ
      |       IA <> NH                            CO <  > AZ
      |          > WI                     > WA
      |               > ME                   > OR
      |> ND                                                > NY
      |          NE <  > MT
      |                        KS OH < > IL     MI <> AK         > CA
 0.00 +               WY 2 ID  ^> IN
      |                > PA                       > MD
      |      > SD                                                       > NV
      |
      |                          > OK  > MO              > FL
      |                      > VA            > TX
      |      > WV
-1.00 +                                    > NM
      |                > KY       > TN
      |                     > AR
      |                               > GA
      |
      |                       > NC
      |
-2.00 +
      |                            > AL LA <  > SC
      |
      |
      |                 > MS
      |
      |
-3.00 +
      -+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
     -4.00         -2.00         0.00          2.00          4.00         6.00

                                        PRIN1

               PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state              8
               Plot of the first and third principal components

              Plot of PRIN3*PRIN1$ST.  Symbol points to label.

PRIN3 |
      |
    3 +
      |
      |                                                    > NY
      |                                   > MA
      |
      |
      |
    2 +
      |
      |
      |
      |
      |
      |                                > IL
    1 +                > PA       > RI
      |                        CT
      |             KY <> MS   ^  > TN NJ
      |      > WV               AL < ^ > MO        > MI
      |                              > OH  > LA   > MD
      |                         > IN  > GA                       > CA
      |
    0 +           NH NE MN  > AR                    > AK
      |> ND  > SD ^ ^   ^ VA <v  > OK        > TX
      |                MT     NC                                        > NV
      |          > WI  ^ WY    > KS
      |       IA <   vv  2  > UT       DE <   > SC
      |              VT ME ID            > HI
      |
   -1 +
      |                                    > NM      > CO
      |                                WA <  > OR        > FL
      |
      |
      |                                                 > AZ
      |
   -2 +
      |
      -+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
     -4.00         -2.00         0.00          2.00          4.00         6.00

                                        PRIN1

Output from pca2.sas

PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state 1

PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state 2

PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state 3 States listed in order of overall crime rate as determined by the first principal component

PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state 4 States listed in order of overall crime rate as determined by the first principal component

PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state 5 States listed in order of Property vs. Violent crime as determined by the second principal component

PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state 6 States listed in order of Property vs. Violent crime as determined by the second principal component

PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state 7 Plot of the first two principal components

PCA: Crime rates per 100,000 population by state 8 Plot of the first and third principal components