SAS Macro Programs: orpoly

The orpoly macro ( get orpoly.sas)

Orthogonal polyomial contrasts (unequal spacing | N)

The ORPOLY macro finds contrast coefficients for orthogonal polynomials for testing a quantitative factor variable, and constructs CONTRAST (or ESTIMATE) statements (for use with PROC GLM or PROC MIXED) using these values.

This is most useful when either (a) the factor levels are unequally spaced (Trials=1 2 4 10), or (b) the sample sizes at the different levels are unequal. In these cases, the 'standard' orthogonal polynomial coefficients cannot be used. The ORPOLY macro uses the SAS/IML orpoly() function to find the correct values, and to construct the required CONTRAST (or ESTIMATE) statements.

When the factor levels are equally spaced, *and* sample sizes are equal, the POLY macro provides a simpler way to generate the contrast coefficients, and the associated INTER macro generates contrasts for interactions among the polynomial contrasts.

Method

Usage

  %orpoly(var=A, file=temp);

Parameters

DATA=

The name of the input data set [Default: DATA=_LAST_]

VAR=

The name(s) of quantitative factor variable(s) for orthogonal polynomial contrasts.

DEG=

Maximum degree of orthogonal polynomial contrasts

FILE=

Fileref for contrast statements. The default, FILE=PRINT, simply prints the generated statements in the listing file.

To use the generated contrast statements directly following a PROC GLM step, use the FILE= parameter to assign a fileref and create temporary file, which may be used in a GLM step.

TYPE=

Type of statement generated: CONTRAST, ESTIMATE, or BOTH [Default: TYPE=CONTRAST]

Example

  data testit;
     do a=1 to 5;
        do b=1, 5, 9, 13;
           do obs=1 to 2;
              y = a + a*a + b + 5*normal(0);
              output;
              end;
           end;
        end;
  run;

Assign a filename for the CONTRAST statements, generate them with ORPOLY, and %INCLUDE in the GLM step.

  filename poly 'orpoly.tst' mod;
  %orpoly(data=testit, var=a b, file=poly);

  proc glm data=testit;
     class a b;
     model y=a b a*b;
     %include poly;

The ORPOLY macro generates the following lines, which are used in the PROC GLM step:

  contrast "A-lin" A -0.22361 -0.11180 -0.00000  0.11180  0.22361;
  contrast "A-quad" A  0.18898 -0.09449 -0.18898 -0.09449  0.18898;
  contrast "A-3rd" A -0.11180  0.22361  0.00000 -0.22361  0.11180;

  contrast "B-lin" B -0.21213 -0.07071  0.07071  0.21213;
  contrast "B-quad" B  0.15811 -0.15811 -0.15811  0.15811;

See also